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Pope Leo IX
Pope Leo IX (21 June 1002 – 19 April 1054), born Bruno of Egisheim-Dagsburg, was Pope from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054.〔Coulombe, Charles A., ''Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes'', (Citadel Press, 2003), 204.〕 He was a German aristocrat and a powerful secular ruler of central Italy while holding the papacy. He is regarded as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, his feast day celebrated on 19 April.〔Butler, Alban, ''Butler's Lives of the Saints'', (Liturgical Press, 2003), 176.〕
Leo IX is widely considered the most historically significant German Pope of the Middle Ages. His citing of the Donation of Constantine in a letter to the Patriarch of Constantinople brought about the Great Schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches.
==Biography==
He was born to Count Hugh and Heilwig and was a native of Eguisheim, Upper Alsace (present day France).〔Ian Robinson, ''The papal reform of the eleventh century: Lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII'', (Manchester University Press, 2004), 99.〕 His family was of noble rank, and his father, Count Hugh, was a cousin of Emperor Conrad II (1024–1039).〔Ian Robinson, ''The papal reform of the eleventh century: Lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII'', 99.〕 He was educated at Toul, where he successively became canon and, in 1026, bishop.〔James R. Ginther, ''Humbert of Silva Candida'', The Westminster Handbook to Medieval Theology, (Westminster John Knox Press, 2009), 89-91.〕 In the latter capacity he rendered important political services to his relative Conrad II, and afterwards to Emperor Henry III. He became widely known as an earnest and reforming ecclesiastic by the zeal he showed in spreading the rule of the order of Cluny.
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